We aim to elucidate the mechanisms of frontal lobe dysfunction in psychosis using macaque monkeys. First, in healthy individuals, we will clarify the role of dopaminergic projections from the midbrain to the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in risk-reward decision-making. This will be achieved through optogenetic circuit manipulation, neural activity recording, and circuit simulation. Furthermore, by knocking out the DISC1 gene whose knockdown have been noted to weaken the dopaminergic projections to the cortex in the mice, we will confirm the psychotic disorder phenotypes through analyses of iPS cell-derived brain organoids and neurons, MRI imaging, and various behavioral and physiological function assessments. We will then analyze risk-dependent decision-making to accomplish our goal.