To elucidate the dynamics of human social cognition, this study uses macaques as a model animal. Macaques are closely related to humans, possess advanced sociality, and have brain structures and functions similar to those of humans, making them suitable for clarifying the neural mechanisms of self-other distinction and rudimentary self-recognition. By clarifying these mechanisms using systems neuroscience approaches, we expect to not only deepen our understanding of human social cognitive functions but also contribute to elucidating the mechanisms underlying impaired self-recognition in psychiatric and neurological disorders.