ChR2 is a blue light-activated cation channel used in photogenetics as a tool for photoexcitation of neurons. However, the crosstalk with red light ChRs has been an issue for multi-color optogenetics applications such as manipulation of multiple neurons. We have discovered a novel ChR that is activated by UV light. Since the new ChR is less active in blue light, multi-color photogenetics is possible with less crosstalk. We will develop photoinhibitory and photoexcitatory tools based on the novel ChRs to analyze complex functions of the brain and nervous system and to apply them as homegrown photogenetic tools for disease therapy.