This research targets the accumulation of abnormal proteins characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and seeks to efficiently remove them by activating the phagocytic functions of glial cells. In particular, we are using the spheroid-type glioneuronal unit (GNU) culture system we have developed to analyze in detail the interactions between brain cells and changes in gene expression in these disease states, with the aim of contributing to the development of new treatment methods.